〇1963年8月28日キング牧師の「アイ・ハヴ・ア・ドリーム」の演説から60周年

 
【60th Anniversary : Martin Luther King’s “I Have A Dream” on August 28, 1963】
 
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〇1963年8月28日キング牧師の「アイ・ハヴ・ア・ドリーム」の演説から60周年
 
【60th Anniversary : Martin Luther King’s “I Have A Dream” on August 28, 1963】
 
60年前。
 
いまから60年前の1963年8月28日、日本時間では29日、アメリカ東部ワシントンDCでマーティン・ルーサー・キング牧師がのちに有名になる「アイ・ハヴ・ア・ドリーム（私には夢がある）」のスピーチを行った。今年は60周年。
 
今年の特集番組。60年前に行進に参加した人たちを探しだして、インタヴュー。
 
Still Marching: The March on Washington, 60 years later (約42分)
CBS News　2023/08/26

(英文テキスト下記に)
 
March on Washington's 60th anniversary renews Martin Luther King’s ‘dream’（約１分）

 
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20年前のブログ記事を再掲。
 
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2003/08/30 (Sat)
"I Have A Dream" Speech Celebrated 40th Year
 

マーチン・ルーサー・キング牧師 Soulsearchin' Diary ソウルサーチン　日記過去分　吉岡　正晴

名演説。
 
今からちょうど40年前、1963年8月28日、マーチン・ルーサー・キング牧師はワシントンDCで演説をしました。それが後世に残る名演説『アイ・ハヴ・ア・ドリーム（私には夢がある）』です。今年はそれからちょうど40周年。これを記念して去る土曜日（23日）ワシントンDCのリンカーン・メモリアル公園に、多くの人が集まりました。
 

 
同様の集会は、過去1983年、1993年に行われ、今年は3回目。この『アイ・ハヴ・ア・ドリーム』は、非暴力による公民権運動の盛り上がりに大きく貢献しました。なにより象徴的だったのは、1963年このスピーチを聞いた25万人の人々のうち5分の1は白人だったということです。
 
この全文をじっくり読んだことはなかったのですが、ネットで探したら、原文がありました。下記に載せておきます。また一部訳ですが、それもありました。キング牧師の本などを購入すれば、全文なども載っているでしょう。
 
これを読んでいると、まるで、歌詞のような、そして、彼の演説を聞いたりすると、まるで質のいいラップを聴いているかのように錯覚します。話のもってき方が実にうまい。教会の牧師の話、説教も非常に陶酔性があるように思いますが、もともと牧師で話のうまいキング牧師が、ソウルを込めて語る演説は圧巻です。
 
一部訳がでている「私には夢がある・・・」以降、さらに「ニューハンプシャーの豊穣な丘の上から，自由の鐘を鳴らそうではないか」のライン、その繰り返しはすごいですね。これをその現場で聞いていたら、間違いなく気持ちが高揚してくるでしょう。
 
キング牧師は、1968年4月4日、メンフィスで暗殺されます。1980年10月、スティーヴィー・ワンダーがアルバム 『ホッター・ザン・ジュライ』 を発表。そこに、キング牧師の誕生日を国民の休日にするための応援歌「ハッピー・バースデイ」が収録されました。そして、1983年、キング牧師の誕生日が国民の休日に決定。86年から実施されることになりました。
 
今、1月の第3月曜日はキング牧師誕生日の祝日です。それにしても、この『アイ・ハヴ・ア・ドリーム』というフレーズは、今でも有効な普遍的な言葉です。
 
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参考までに。
 
全文訳こちらにも

キング牧師「I Have a Dream」演説全文&和訳 - なんでとうもろこしやねん

 
 

『キング牧師“I have a dream"「私には夢がある」演説（全文+和訳）その①』

 
https://ameblo.jp/shinjiuchino/entry-10863301328.html
 

『キング牧師“I have a dream"「私には夢がある」演説（全文+和訳）その③END』

 

「私には夢がある」（1963年） ｜About THE USA｜アメリカンセンターJAPAN

 
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"I Have A Dream"
by Martin Luther King, Jr,
 
 
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Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1963.
 
Source: Martin Luther King, Jr: The Peaceful Warrior, Pocket Books, NY 1968
 
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity. But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free.
 
One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.
 
So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition. In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir.
 
This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check which has come back marked "insufficient funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation.
 
So we have come to cash this check -- a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.
 
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights.
 
The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.
 
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. we must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.
 
The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.
 
We cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" we can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.
 
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.
 
Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.
 
Let us not wallow in the valley of despair. I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
 
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal."
 
(以下の訳あり）
 
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
 
I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today.
 
I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor's lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers.
 
I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
 
This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
 
This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with a new meaning, "My country, 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring." And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.
 
So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.
Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.
Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado!
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California!
 
But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia!
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee!
Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi.
From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
 
When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"
 
約1600ワード＝約4800字
 
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上記全文の一部に関する翻訳
 
私には夢がある。いつの日にか，ジョージアの赤土の丘の上で，かつて奴隷であった者たちの子孫と，かつて奴隷主であった者たちの子孫が，兄弟として同じテーブルに向かい腰掛けるときがくるという夢を。
 
私には夢がある。いつの日にか，私の４人の幼い子供たちが肌の色によってではなく，人となりそのものによって評価される国に住むときが来るという夢を。私の父が死んだ土地で，メイフラワーの清教徒達が誇りとした土地で，すべての山やまから自由の鐘を鳴らそうではないか。もしアメリカが偉大な国であるのなら，これは実現されなければならない。
 
ニューハンプシャーの豊穣な丘の上から，自由の鐘を鳴らそうではないか。
ニューヨークの稜々たる山やまから，自由の鐘を鳴らそうではないか。
ペンシルベニアのアルゲニー高原から，自由の鐘を鳴らそうではないか。
コロラドの雪を頂いたロッキー山脈から，自由の鐘を鳴らそうではないか。
カリフォルニアの曲線の美しい丘から，自由の鐘を鳴らそうではないか。
それらばかりではない。ジョージアの石ころだらけの山，テネシーの望楼のような山，そして，ミシシッピーの全ての丘から，自由の鐘を鳴らそうではないか！
すべての山々から，自由の鐘を鳴らそうではないか！　
 
そして私たちが自由の鐘を鳴らす時，私たちがアメリカの全ての村，すべての教会，全ての州，全ての街から自由の鐘を鳴らすその時，全ての神の子，白人も黒人も，ユダヤ人も非ユダヤ人も，新教徒もカソリック教徒も，皆互いに手を取って古くからの黒人霊歌を歌うことができる日が近づくだろう。
 
「自由だ，ついに自由だ，全能の神よ，感謝します。ついに我々は自由になったのだ」と
 
 
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THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE MARCH ON WASHINGTON
reported by: EUR
 
 
 
Dr. King's 'I Have A Dream' speech is celebrated, too.
 
Saturday, tens of thousands of celebrants gathered at the Lincoln Memorial on Washington's central mall to mark the 40th anniversary of the late Rev. Martin Luther King Jr's "I have a dream" speech that galvanized America's civil rights movement.
 
The actual speech was delivered by Dr. King on
August 28, 1963 in front of 250,000 people, one-fifth
of them white, who had turned out for the March
on Washington.
 
At the time, many blacks still were being denied
the right to vote. Others were murdered for trying.
Blacks and whites in the South often could not
use the same restaurants, hotels or public
restrooms and drinking fountains.
 
Dr. King would later be assassinated by a sniper
at a Memphis, Tennessee, motel on April 4, 1968.
The fatal shot was fired by a white man, James
Earl Ray, who died in prison in 1998.
 
Martin Luther King III, told Saturday's crowd,
"I know that my father was more than a dream."
 
With black suffrage long a reality, King said
the country must look to abolishing other injustices.
 
"We must abolish racial profiling," he said,
"and the death penalty.
 
"I call on the congress to establish a system
that covers every person and every illness," King
told the assembled crowd.
 
Saturday's commemoration in downtown
Washington was the third, after similar events
in 1983 and 1993.
 

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（資料）
 
起こし
 
Still Marching: The March on Washington, 60 years later
CBS News
チャンネル登録者数 519万人
5,966 回視聴 2023/08/26 #civilrights #news #marchonwashington
 
 
0:00
[Music] this has been one of the great days of
0:05
America 250 000 marched to send a message
0:11
we gathered in Washington it was peaceful respectful we were so proud of
0:17
Dr King they ended up hearing a message that would change the course of history Let
0:24
Freedom Ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee black and white it was it was
0:30
really great [Applause] [Music]
0:36
way of knowing this was going to be one of the great iconic speeches of all time we believe that the dream of America has
0:44
not been lost then and now those who were there and came after living to make the dream come
0:51
true
0:58
60 years ago today people from around America were filling up buses gathering on trains and planes to make a journey
1:05
to Washington D.C I'm Yuki Washington in the birthplace of America Philadelphia talking about the day Millions heard a
1:13
message that would change the course of history I have a dream
1:21
my four little children will one day live in a nation where they
1:27
will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character among those Changed by
1:33
Reverend Dr Martin Luther King Jr's words James kelsh Jr who shared his memories with my colleague wakisha
1:40
Bailey oh God oh God moving
1:45
[Music] I remember my boy oh she was oh such a
1:51
strong resourceful voice she could move mountains Mr James couch
1:59
Jr remembers the voice of the iconic gospel singer Mahalia Jackson as she
2:04
touched hundreds of thousands of people who gathered at the Lincoln Memorial on August 28
2:10
1963. I was there got my pen where'd you get that pin from
2:16
at the March they were giving them out the famous
2:21
gospel singer opened for what was officially called the March on Washington for jobs and freedom one of
2:28
the largest political gatherings in U.S history it was a divisive black community that there would be this much
2:35
it was coupled with labor and labor unions the unions were behind the March
2:41
totally Carlos was 25 years old at the time he and his wife both graduated from Howard University we fell in love with
2:48
her senior year she was a May Queen
2:54
oh she's beautiful and while at Howard University kelsh also fell in love with the teachings of
3:01
civil rights activist W.E.B Du Bois who died on the eve of the March on Washington the event was very
3:07
Bittersweet for me he was my hero but then cautious face lights up recalling
3:13
the moment that everyone waited for [Music]
3:20
the last speaker the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history
3:26
of our nation King's words forever left an impact on couch I just remember his
3:32
his whole speech was very inspiring and uplifting and when he ended the speech
3:37
by saying we're free at last three and last thank God Almighty really we all
3:42
jumped out Now 60 years later kelsh feels proud to see how far Dr King's Legacy has changed
3:50
the landscape of America much like the sweet harmony of Mahalia
3:55
Jackson August 28 1963. [Music] people came to the nation's capital for
4:02
many different reasons for a young dentist from Sacramento it was the assassination of civil rights activist
4:08
Medgar Evers here's Shantae passenger Tennessee
4:14
[Applause] Let Freedom Ring from every Hill and
4:21
foreign [Applause]
4:30
Eugene Spencer vividly remembers that day the year 1963. the U.S Air Force veteran born in
4:38
Claiborne County Mississippi just completed his doctoral degree in dentistry at Howard University I had no
4:46
idea that there would be so many people there it was just amazing to see that
4:53
many people together newly married and commissioned to report back to the segregated South the assassination of
5:00
his college friend and civil rights activist Medgar Evers lit a fire from within ledra was a
5:07
assassinated and I felt obligated to attend the margin of Washington DC
5:12
Spencer meant Evers and his wife merly while attending Alcorn State University they quickly became friends Evers would
5:20
leave a lasting impression on his life and he was just a great person and he instilled in us to be successful
5:28
and to carry out those things that we felt that was good for Humanity
5:35
Spencer Mel finding himself among the Sea of people merging to the Lincoln Memorial I was surprised to the extent
5:42
when I looked back down Connecticut Avenue and I saw thousands of people I had no idea that it would be this great
5:51
and that it was served such as an impact up on the community in the years before
5:58
the march in Washington Spencer would face unsurmountable challenges from
6:03
living in poverty attending segregated schools drinking from segregated water
6:08
fountains forced to stand at end of passenger trains and getting assaulted by a white police officer and thrown in
6:15
jail Spencer credits his father a reverend and sharecropper where his guiding principles that kept him alive
6:22
my father used to say no one can take an education away from
6:28
you a mother kept him grounded and focused at work at Gunter Air Force Base in
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Montgomery Alabama Sacramento for his final military assignment now practicing Dentistry as
6:42
his family grew in size so did his activism Spencer and his colleagues became founding members of the Urban
6:49
League in Sacramento he provided better opportunities for the African-American communities even if you are oppressed if
6:58
you apply yourself and if you have a future and if you have visions one can
7:04
uplift himself as Martin Luther King said Peace is love we'll be able to Dawn
7:12
hands and sing into words of the only growth spirit
7:20
beautiful tensions were high Across America during
7:26
the summer of 1963. earlier that summer in Baltimore nearly 300 protesters were
7:31
arrested in a segregated amusement park on the day the park was officially integrated two young men from Baltimore
7:38
made the trip to Washington for the March Professor Larry Gibson and Reverend Douglas Sands had participated
7:45
in many sit-ins at lunch counters and movie theaters the two men talked to Vic
7:50
Carter in Baltimore about what made this demonstration so different what I remember is walking along with a group
7:59
of mainly union leaders the immediate to senatives about 50 black and white that
8:06
was a surprise to me and then getting up at the Lincoln
8:11
Memorial that's where the stage was set when you looked into the eyes of the people who were there what did you see
8:17
in them I saw some of those people I think changed I think people that we have a group of people in our society
8:24
today who 60 years ago came to a change of heart uh doing that particular meeting we had
8:31
in Washington DC many leaders in the Civil Rights Movement were like King
8:37
preachers Reverend James Peters felt encouraged by Dr King to be involved but his first inspiration was his mother
8:43
here's Michaela white I put this in my book it's my anniversary when I was
8:49
retiring Reverend James Peters clearly recalls his interactions with Dr Martin Luther King Jr prior to serving 28 years
8:57
as pastor of Denver's New Hope Baptist Church Peters led a church in Bridgeport Connecticut he presented me with the
9:04
plaque in front of my whole congregation and the whole city and everything at the age
9:12
of 30 Reverend Peters helped organize three cars of a train to travel from Bridgeport to Washington DC it was
9:19
August 28 1963. it was just a wonderful wonderful day the weather was perfect
9:27
the people were excited they were singing and dancing and having
9:32
a good time they had to March on Washington D.C was Peter's Hometown and it was
9:40
deeply segregated all the way high school never went to school with anybody White
9:47
they had a separate school system separate restaurants separate movies everything was separate churches
9:55
everything was segregated Edna J Belton fueled a love of poetry
10:00
and speech making in her son James and he began preaching at the age of 19. the
10:06
society told me that I would that was nobody
10:12
my mother told me that I was always somebody
10:18
that was a wonderful experience [Music]
10:26
their turnout for the 1963 March was beyond anyone's expectations about a
10:33
Lincoln Memorial and thousands and that you never seen so many people a lot of
10:38
people had to bring their children because they said this is history
10:43
it was a lot of Tears for sure
10:50
mine and the others there because we had fought for this so long
10:56
Reverend Peters recalls divisions in the civil rights movement and Dr King's unique ability to unite people
11:03
and he could say it without making people angry trying to talk about the greatness of
11:11
our country [Applause]
11:20
of Mississippi from every Mountainside Martin was superb you you promised us in
11:28
the Bill of Rights and all these declarations that all people created
11:34
equal what we want our share Reverend Peters went on to share the Colorado Civil Rights Commission never hesitating
11:40
to implore Americans to stop looking the other way on the scourge of discrimination and racism we have had
11:47
some great experiences leading a Community of Faith and blessed with a
11:53
large family I've had a rich and colorful Ministry
11:58
and it's taken me a lot of places but I owe it all
12:03
tomorrow arrived from the dark and desolate
12:09
Valley of segregation through the sunlit path of racial Justice long before he
12:14
met Dr King Reverend James Lawson fought for what he believed in so it's not surprising he became one of the
12:19
country's most outspoken civil rights leaders he talked to Pat Harvey in Los Angeles about being in the room when the
12:26
idea of a March was born he has often been called the mind of the
12:32
movement Reverend James Lawson has dedicated his life to the fight for
12:37
freedom and equality I grew up in an atmosphere of love and compassion
12:44
in the black church in my family from the age of four knew that I was going to
12:49
be fighting racism Prejudice Lawson grew up in Ohio his
12:54
biggest influence his father he was an activist Pastor wherever he went he
13:01
organized an NAACP this is the 20s and the 30s Lawson says by Junior High he
13:08
knew that he too would be a pastor so when he was called into the draft he
13:13
resisted serving two years in prison during the Korean War once paroled
13:18
Lawson studied in India where he learned Mahatma Gandhi's principles of non-violence shortly after he met Dr
13:26
Martin Luther King Jr we were spiritual Brothers in every way that that's
13:33
possible Dr King urged Lawson to join the civil rights movement in the South I
13:39
had made the decision by 1952 that as soon as I could I would go south I knew it could be done through the
13:45
non-violence of Jesus without hesitation the lifelong activist began hosting
13:51
workshops and trained many Future Leaders Reverend Lawson and his students non-violent resistance led to the
13:58
desegregation of Nashville's lunch counters up first for the U.S Lawson and
14:03
his students were behind every major Milestone of the Civil Rights Movement including the momentous March on
14:10
Washington 60 years ago it came out of the Montgomery movement a Montgomery
14:16
desegregation of Birmingham Alabama which was many of
14:22
us called it Reverend Lawson says the idea was born in a meeting with Dr King and the southern Christian leadership
14:29
conference one of the things that they were saying was we must storm the
14:35
capital we must surround congress with a million
14:40
people no group of people in the United States have a petition Congress and the president in that fashion before do you
14:47
feel that that this country has taken steps backward no
14:53
you still see progress of course all over the world all over the country
15:01
the March on Washington didn't start the Civil Rights Movement nor the end most Jazz kept on marching and fighting for
15:08
equal rights including Don Rose a legend in Chicago politics then and now with
15:13
his story here's Jim Williams [Music] years after the March on Washington
15:20
after all this time it's not every day you interview a chicagoan who knew and
15:25
worked with Dr King this is a clear memory for you absolutely it's one of
15:31
the few pictures I ever had with Dr King moreover Don Rose then in his early 30s
15:37
helped organize the Chicago contingent that traveled to the nation's capital in August of 1963 by then Rose have been
15:45
fighting racism for a decade in 1953 he pushed for integration here at the
15:50
Trumbull Park housing project angry white residents of the community rioted to keep out 10 African-American families
15:58
they called you an end lover uh yes they did they call me an end lover when plans for the March on Washington were hatched
16:05
Rose and his friend acclaimed historian and activist timuel black went to work
16:10
leading efforts to encourage Chicagoans to make the trip we had people
16:15
organizing on the streets like it was a police political campaign we did as much media
16:22
fortunately the thing did attract some attention press coming in the TV coming in to look
16:29
at us doing our organizing you know just as you might call it like a model political
16:35
campaign a campaign that was enormously successful we've started modestly lining
16:41
up one Freedom Train and we managed to get enough signatories enough people
16:47
wanted to come in so we had two chartered trains these were Charter trains Charter trains no one on those
16:54
trains but those going to Washington correct others traveled by car and air Rose says as many as 3 000 Chicagoans
17:02
were in Washington joining an estimated 250 000 at the Lincoln Memorial then the
17:08
largest ever demonstration for civil rights in the nation Don Rose was right there with him we were just in the sea
17:15
of humanity it was a celebratory saying everybody you know we bump into people excuse me everybody was you know
17:22
courteous to each other you know loving and you know we're whatever we're doing
17:28
I don't know whether we were raising fists or going like this to everybody all creating one of the pivotal moments
17:34
and hearing one of the pivotal speeches in American history
17:40
its impact though was unclear to Rose at the time we did not know
17:45
um had no way of knowing how this would have reverberated around the world even
17:51
after you heard it in the audience reaction did you say this is going to be one of the iconic moments in world
17:57
history it had no way of knowing any more than hearing him speak in Chicago a
18:04
year or two earlier that this was going to be one of the great iconic speeches of all time that began to seep in after
18:12
we came back to Chicago later that year Rose was an organizer of the black student boycott to protest segregation
18:19
in Chicago public schools at least 15 schools that we can say have a virtual total boycott and when Dr King lived in
18:27
Chicago in the mid-1960s to fight for equality here Rose was his press
18:32
secretary and adviser Rose Compares Dr King's speeches to the great jazz
18:37
musicians the way of Charlie Parker or John Coltrane would State the theme
18:43
State the melody go off for a wild improvisation and come back right to the
18:48
note Rose soon to be 93 years old has been a stalwart a progressive politics
18:53
in Chicago Jane Burns campaign manager as she shocked the Democratic machine to
18:59
win the race for mayor in 1979 when Byrne later embraced the very elements of the machine she had decried Rose
19:06
supported the man who defeated her Harold Washington Chicago's first black mayor we asked Rose how he sees himself
19:13
lifelong Progressive trying to take as many steps forward and absorb the blows
19:19
backward and then I guess I'm still doing it one New York man in the crowd that day
19:26
was a Korean War veteran who was accepted to serve his country only to be turned away from restaurants when he
19:32
returned home a hero Alicia Reed shares the story of Matt Williams
19:38
a trip down memory lane with Korean War veteran Nat Williams Williams was 31
19:43
years old at the time of the march on August 28 1963. that was a beautiful time we felt
19:52
like we were accomplishing something he had returned home from the war years earlier injured and feeling like a hero
19:59
but experienced racism and I got my question I got all my little medals on
20:04
and stuff you know when I'm a veteran career and we go into the restaurant and the
20:10
guys that guy told me I can't eat in there it was embarrassing I bled all the
20:16
way across Korea with with this thing for this flag in the 1960s Dr Martin
20:21
Luther King Jr was making headlines and drawing large crowds while protesting at
20:26
the time Williams was living in Harlem and meeting other high-profile individuals Malcolm put his head on my
20:32
shoulder he put his head back he said you just keep that Goofy on you'll be all right Malcolm X I didn't know I didn't know
20:39
who he was well the veteran did know was that he wanted to be a part of the movement William says his grandmother
20:46
encouraged him to get involved when he was a boy he started marching at a young age and to this day continues to fight
20:54
for justice racism is a is a cancer I was in all those every month she had I
21:02
was in I was in all the bosses in the 60s that's all I did and that's what I'm doing now also at that march on
21:08
Washington and close to the stage now a hundred four-year-old New Jersey native
21:13
Miss India Edwards and her family I was standing right in front of the monument
21:20
I could reach up and talk touch um Martin Luther King's shoe if I wanted
21:28
to Miss Edwards still keeps those memories alive and passes them on to every generation of her family and so
21:35
does Williams today at 91 years old his front yard is lined with signs for
21:41
justice this is my favorite one he says there's still hope Dr Martin
21:47
Luther King Jr's dream is still alive all these police killings and things
21:52
that's been going on for years we've been complaining about that's why I joined these things is to try to help
21:59
my country we Face the difficulties
22:05
of today and tomorrow I still have a dream
22:11
more than 250 000 people filled the National Mall for the March each had a
22:16
story to tell about what they had to overcome to get there I'm Maurice Jones during the 1960s
22:23
salahuddin was a teenager I had dropped out of school in Pittsburgh he was
22:29
searching for something ran away from home his destination New York City he had two ants in Staten Island they
22:36
scooped me up out of Harlem saved my life and got me back in high school it was
22:43
1962 when as a member of the NAACP youth Council in New York udine heard about plans for a large
22:49
demonstration in Washington meanwhile in Pittsburgh Carrie McRae also had plans
22:55
to attend the March I heard my husband's job that he worked at the post office was going to get a bus I forgot there'd
23:02
be room for me however her husband Leon decided she should stay home and watch their seven children but Carrie McRae
23:09
found a way I didn't tell my husband I was going I went past my mother's house
23:14
and found out that she would keep the children I had called the cab and took
23:20
my children and took them to my mother's and took the cab on down to the
23:25
NAACP bus had my foot on the bus and I felt his hand on my shoulder and it was
23:31
my husband he said what are you doing down here I said I'm going to the March on Washington she ended up riding on the
23:36
bus with her husband and she remembers where she was in the crowd and what she could see I was close enough that I
23:43
could see A Philip Randolph behind Dr King I wanted to be a part of History
23:50
and I was from Alabama that one that's why I was so important
23:55
that I went udine says he'd never experienced anything like it they were singing and
24:02
clapping and stomping it was a major celebration hearing words like Let
24:07
Freedom Ring from every Hill and mole hill of Mississippi udine says that speech answered question
24:13
who am I what are you doing with your life where are you going where are you headed udine went on to spend four years
24:19
in Mississippi as a freedom rider he's a former Pittsburgh city council member and current Pittsburgh School Board
24:25
president as for Carrie McRae it changed my life with my children it made me
24:31
appreciate life so many pictures tell the story of the March on Washington few though tell more
24:38
about the struggle that preceded the March than the forced poses in front of a background inside a police station
24:44
Amos Brown told lesla Gooden in San Francisco his story and here's my mug
24:51
shot referend Dr Amos Brown displays one of his mug shots that Mark his work as
24:56
one of Northern California's civil rights Pioneers he's also one of eight
25:02
students who attended the only class Dr Martin Luther King Jr taught at
25:08
Morehouse a historically black college in Georgia the epicenter of the Civil Rights Movement Dr Martin Luther King
25:15
Jr's handwritten notes for that seminar what Dr King taught a young Amos Brown
25:21
was moved to mirror taking Dr King's notes on the page to a living struggle
25:27
for civil rights on the stage of History we gathered in Washington it was that
25:34
unusual experience of seeing so many people who were peaceful respectful and
25:41
determined to be about the business of working for jobs Justice and peace on that day the young
25:50
Amos Brown caught that Spirit setting him on the Firm Foundation of his life's Mission we didn't have time to come come
25:57
with hate in our minds our bones and our veins We Came as people of
26:05
the spirit adding that this has always been his calling and you're going to be
26:10
the one show the responsibility of bearing the burdens of our people God is
26:16
going to use you to do great things and decades later Dr
26:21
Brown teaches that to deal with the dream we must deal with reality he's one
26:27
of Northern California's biggest proponents of reparations he's leading the charge to see people wronged prepaid
26:34
and what Dr King dealt with in the first half of their speech
26:40
was this bounce check that a comeback
26:45
insufficient funds when it came to the payment of what America owed us because
26:52
of that crime that was committed against our humanity and something you said last
26:58
time we spoke was you're not going to stop until you can't anymore
27:05
are you tired no
27:11
I have intermittent Wells that I drink from
27:17
the wells of created by my ancestors [Music]
27:24
Let Freedom Ring from every Hill and mole hill of Mississippi from every
27:31
Mountainside a lucky few can pinpoint the moment when they discover their true calling that's
27:37
the case for Reverend P Johnson in Texas who was just 18 years old when he made the journey to the nation's capital
27:44
[Music] just hard to remember those pains of
27:50
pain to pain today when Reverend Peter Johnson speaks you sit up straight to
27:56
listen 1963 had taught me many many lessons
28:01
that summer that we had to uh make a
28:07
what I consider a lifetime commitment based on America's ugly ugly history of
28:13
bigotry and slavery and discrimination and a overt commitment to keep her foot
28:19
on the neck of our people My Generation felt that we needed to face John Kennedy
28:24
in the White House in the United States justice department to take a stand on America's historical problem can you
28:31
take me back to the day you decided to go to the March on Washington oh God that's it
28:39
the March on Washington was August 28 1963 the fact that I remember that date
28:45
easily let you know how much Direction Washington mid to a 18 year old black
28:52
kid growing up in the Civil Rights room [Applause] [Music] and a movement it was Johnson's 1200
29:00
mile Journey from Louisiana to DC was a first-class seat to the realities of the
29:05
60s if you stopped at a bus station anyway
29:11
it's segregated colored waiting section lightweight deception colored bathrooms
29:18
white bathrooms colored water fountains white water fountains one of the fascinating things I remember about that
29:25
day Mahalia Jackson he says it was the
29:31
Gospel icon's booming voice that simply couldn't squeeze into a whisper that
29:36
encouraged what we now know as King's iconic speech in the area Banks she's Whispering she
29:44
is she is saying Martin Martin tell him about your dream
29:50
and then I did Dr King look back over his shoulder and he had that look on his face shut the hell up
29:56
Johnson says King shut his binder gripped either side and turned that
30:02
Podium into a Pulpit and when that happened Martin changed for me written speech to
30:11
what the world remembers I have a dream one of the many injustices on the minds
30:16
of demonstrators during the summer of 63 was voter suppression Dr Josie Johnson
30:21
helped organize the Minnesota delegation to the March after fighting against the poll tax she's still fighting to protect
30:28
the right to vote 60 years later it was a sense of being very special Dr
30:35
Josie Johnson says the diverse group of minnesotans who made the trip to Washington DC in 1963 were committed to
30:41
driving change it meant that we were a part of what we considered a historical
30:48
movement so it was a a great sense think of that
30:55
nothing had been done like that before more than 250 000 descended on the mall
31:01
in the nation's capital to fight for civil and economic rights of African Americans the largest event of its kind
31:06
in our country's history representing a bigger movement the thought that we were
31:12
reaching out to the world and that people were going to join us in
31:18
our great District of Washington to talk about feel the love and
31:25
commitment of Freedom Dr Johnson had already spent
31:30
years working on Fair Housing and other legislative activity in Minnesota and representing in D.C helped fuel the work
31:36
many people didn't even know Minnesota or the struggle for justice and equality
31:44
here so it was an opportunity for us to join that National group of people
31:52
expressing the need for justice and equal
31:57
opportunity it was one of the first times people witnessed Unity amongst various civil rights groups and on that
32:03
day in August of 1963 minnesotans joined them in the March for Freedom when you
32:08
were there you're no longer this small group
32:14
from a state that very few people know [Music] you walk out onto the mall
32:23
I can remember that morning so well she hopes revisiting this important time in
32:29
American history will encourage the Next Generation to continue the fight and how important it is to have policies
32:36
at every level that reflects that history
32:43
and the struggle of African-American people plus the positive results of it
32:53
will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and sisters
32:58
and brothers I have a dream to be imagine your job today is to stand in the very spot Martin Luther King Jr
33:04
stood Dr Willie Broderick does that every Sunday before his congregation in Boston he wasn't alive to hear King
33:11
himself but as he told Paul Burton he's living King's words every day well Dr
33:17
King preached here Dr Willie bodrick II is pastor of 12th Baptist Church in Boston right here this Pulpit Dr King
33:24
preached like King he too grew up in Atlanta came to school here in Boston and now preaches behind the same Pulpit
33:31
Dr King used back in the mid-1960s to stand in the very places where an American Giant who changed this nation
33:37
stood is such a honor why do you think Dr King had such a deep love for the
33:43
city of Boston he went through a process he was being shaped and molded in the shadows of Boss
33:51
and Community Learning from so many folks who poured into him to help him
33:56
understand the moment that he was living in the first time that Coretta Scott ever heard Martin Luther King preach was
34:03
right here in 12th Baptist church and they partnered in the work of bringing about civil rights to our country how
34:09
has Dr King inspired you the most there's a couple lines right um
34:15
says that there's a fierce urgency of now um it's it's the immediacy that we can't
34:22
wait we can't hold on we've got to act right now if we don't act now
34:28
what's to come will be irreversible unfortunately King's dream is still yet to be realized
34:35
we've made gains and we can all acknowledge that but there's so much more work that we have to do to ensure
34:42
that Equity is made real in the lives of American people and we have to fight
34:47
right now because we're seeing this effort across the country to erase
34:53
some of the legacies and stains of our history that should be upheld so we
34:58
remind ourselves of who we do not want to be as a nation anymore but we want to be the best of ourselves and as king
35:06
said we can truly sing my country Dr King was editing his speech right up
35:13
to the very moment he delivered his most famous words but the core of the speech came together on a balcony in Miami
35:20
Tanya Francois takes us to the Hampton house
35:31
John Dew still has the ticket he was given to attend the March on Washington we were honored people to be there he
35:39
and his late wife Patricia were active members of core or Congress of racial equality the two boarded a bus like this
35:46
from Miami known then as the Freedom Train and headed to D.C several people
35:51
took to the podium including John Lewis John Lewis and others of the younger
35:57
generation you know in the 20s were angry but Martin Luther King had more
36:03
than just anger it was some kind of a born of love that he had for America
36:11
that America could change its ways and that's what his I have a dream was about
36:17
Dr King wrote several versions of the speech originally called normalcy never again one of those versions was written
36:24
right here at the historic Hampton house Dr King practiced that speech right here on this school he paced back and forth
36:31
rehearsing and it's the speech We Now call I have a dream he did say it at the
36:38
Hampton house before he said it in Washington D.C now we know that's true
36:45
Dr Eden Pinckney helped save the historic Hampton house because of segregation African Americans had few
36:51
places to stay in South Florida this was Dr King's favorite pictures on display
36:57
now capture King enjoying time in the pool beatley says Miami's politics and
37:02
the work of people like John Dew and his wife Patricia had an influence on the speech it was during the days of
37:09
segregation the various strategies that Dr Luther King
37:16
planned with core the core organization helped to integrate Miami
37:24
didn't attend the March then she was too young but what happened that day would stay with her and so many others we were
37:32
so proud of Dr King we were so proud
37:37
that we had a black man who had the courage to say to America that we need
37:45
to change and that this country needs to change
37:51
and we need to treat all Americans
37:56
as equal Dr King's dream is in everyone we shall
38:02
overcome someday [Music] to Live Foundation from the quicksands
38:09
of racial Injustice to the solid rock of Brotherhood now is the time the sound of
38:15
Martin Luther King Jr delivering his iconic speech will live in the memories of everyone who was there and thanks to
38:21
a rock and roll institution in Detroit those words will be preserved forever
38:26
Amir makeupson talked to the legendary Smokey Robinson about how Motown
38:31
preserved the speech it was such a presence
38:40
and we all admired him for the work that he was doing a great American [Music]
38:48
that would later be heard around the entire world find the Emancipation
38:53
Proclamation was first spoken and recorded this momentous decree came in
38:59
the heart of Motown as the great Beacon Light Of Hope for millions of negro slaves and we're very very flattered
39:06
when Dr Martin Luther King came here to Motown to tell us that he wanted to record his I Have a Dream speech on the
39:12
Motown label it was a great day especially to deliver a speech as important as his
39:18
I Have a Dream speech has become and what it means to America Motown Legend
39:23
Smokey Robinson was at hitsville USA when Dr Martin Luther King first made that request and he says the decision
39:30
for King to record with Motown was intentional he said to us he said I want to record my Have a Dream speech here in
39:37
Motown because you guys are doing with music what I'm trying to do legally
39:43
you're breaking down all these barriers that I'm trying to break down legally and have people to do because it's the
39:48
law but you're doing it with music and I appreciate you so much and I love your music and so I want to record my I Have
39:55
a Dream speech here at Motown the decision that sell both to March and record wasn't met with excitement by
40:02
everyone Kennedy was actually worried King came to Detroit from Washington DC
40:07
he was there the day the day before meeting with Kennedy and Kennedy's message was we need to back off on these
40:14
marches and demonstrations because they had just introduced the civil rights legislation and he thought all of these
40:21
demonstrations would be pushing kind of the envelope in Detroit the opposite happened people were inspired it was uh
40:29
recorded live and actually on the on the recording you can hear the audience reacting to him Motown put out an album
40:35
with both the Detroit speech and then a few months later his Washington uh
40:41
Speech as well on the Gordy record label that speech is literally preserved for all time in a Motown container
40:49
was the unity it was the pride it was hearing something that you never heard
40:55
before that excitement and passion here in the Motor City he was Dr Martin Luther King he was the black president
41:02
you know what I mean so uh it was an honor that helped drive a movement straight to Washington a couple of weeks
41:09
later you know we were sitting around to watch the March on Washington and he started the I Have a Dream speech I
41:15
remember that I remember him saying that you know so you know it was very memorable
41:21
all the kids who went to that March became somebody you know it was like you
41:27
know they they did something with their life to make an impact on somebody else
41:36
August 28 1963. I just turned five and as the years went by my parents made it
41:43
their mission to not let the word spoken on that historic day pass me by ever
41:48
since creating change through diversity inclusivity and equality has been
41:53
foremost on my mind the Reverend Dr Martin Luther King Jr set the table for the future many things
41:59
still need to be done to make the dream reality but I am willing
42:05
to put the work in I hope you are also still marching [Music]
 
ENT>HISTORY>King, Martin Luther