Arpeggione Q&A in English
Arpeggione Q&A in English,
by Osamu Okumura_2017.
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https://www.academia.edu/34370749/Eng_arpeQ_and_A2017_docx
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Q1. Who is the composer of the für Arpeggione und Pianoforte a-moll D821" (1824)?
Composed by Franz Schubert (Franz Schubert, 1797-1828).
Only "Arpeggione Sonata remains.
Q2. Who is a substitute cellist?
Famous cellist: Mustislav Leopoldovich Lostropovich (Mstislav Leopol 'dovich Rostropovich, 1927-2007).
Q3. Who are the three big -S people involved in arpeggione?
① Johann Georg Staufer (1778-1853) of the guitar workshop which invented the string instrument called “Arpeggione” in 1823.
② Franz Schubert (Franz Schubert, 1797-1828) composed to 1824.
③ Vincenz Schuster (Vincenz Schuster, birth and death unknown) premiered in 1824.
Q4. What is an arpeggione string instrument?
According to the "Standard Music Dictionary" (1991 edition), "Guitar applying Cello's playing technique" = Direct translation is bowed guitar.
Q5. Characteristics of arpeggione?
Arpeggione, also called bow guitar, cello guitar, was produced by Johann Georg Staufer of the Viennese in 1823.
This instrument, which is smaller than cello and rounded, is a musical instrument that has metal frets and six strings, "can multiply" guitar and cello.
We play it with both knees in the same way as cello, but the end pin is not attached.
The sound is similar to English horn (from the definition of Hirma).
Q6. What equipment is existing?
1824 – 1832, 6 instruments including Vienna, Berlin, Leipzig, NY., etc.
Q7. Sound source by replica?
① Klaus Storck (Klaus Storck, 1928-2011), 1974.
② Alfred Lessing (1930-2013), 1980 by the original instruments made by Staufer, Schuster, Johann Burgmuller , Johan Friendrich Franz Burgmuller (1806-1874), Anton Diabelli (1781- 1858) and performances of guitar composers.
③ Gerhart Darmstadt (1952 -) of Professor Chamber Music of the Hamburg University of Art Hamburg played the same sonata of Schubert by the original musical instrument of Mitteis model.
④ Young arpeggionist, associate professor of the Royal Conservatory of Belgium Nicolas Deletaille (Nicolas Deletaille, 1979-) released the same sonata of Schubert at a musical instrument (made in 2001) by Belgian violin producer Benjamen La Brigue.
Q8. Outline of musical instruments?
It is about 1,200 mm in length, which is about the same length as Baroque cello, comparable to 3/4 size of modern cello.
The head is a hammer type and inherits the design of a classical guitar.
The body is constricted loosely like a guitar, and the sound hole is a characteristic design with a slightly curved C shape.
Q9. Tuning?
Same as the guitar tuning, open string incorporating four degrees and three degrees of E, A, d, g, h, e (4, 4, 4, 3, 4).
At that time A = 415 Hz, it was played as a Forte piano accompaniment.
Q 10. Model?
Johann Georg Staufer and Anton Mitteis 1824, OK model 1990 by Osamu Okumura.
Q 11. Fingerboard?
Common to the guitar with 24 metal frets
Q12. A substitute instrument and score?
In the performance on the Sonata, there are also viola, cello, contrabass and wind instruments instead of this instrument.
Fax version: French music company Fuzeau.
Q13. Reason for decline?
"Schubertiade" is an artistic activity that is valued for the creativity of poetry and art, and Schubert and others tried to appeal the freedom from political control with the power and music of young people.
In the Okumura proposal, from the aspect of instruments, as follows;
It was difficult to commercialize, Since it was order production at that time, it did not circulate to the general public in large quantities.
At the manufacturing stage it was difficult to adjust the metal frets, there was no successor.
Gut strings and lack of procurement of materials and others are at the risk of commercialization.
It was not a "luxury" instrument protected by court music like Viola da Gamba, but a minor instrument that was loved as a hobby for some guitarists and cellists.
- It seems that they did not popularize for reasons such as.
Q14. Compared with other string instruments?
Arpeggione
Viola_da_ Gamba
Piccolo Cello
3/4 Cello
7/8 Cello
Tuning
E, A, d, g, b, e
D, G, c, e, a, d
E, A, d, a, e
C, G, d, a
C, G, d, a
Chord length
667 - 682 mm
680
630- 635
635 -637
672
Body length
630 - 637 mm
783
690
690
720
Characteristic
with strong tension as cello.
The body plate is also thick.
The back plate has two types of flatness and inflation.
Gat is mainstream
The body plate is thinner than the violin genus, the string tension is weak
The back plate is flat
Sound is soft with gut
The back plate bulges Bottom plate bulging guts, choosing metal strings properly.
choosing metal strings properly.
Q15. Repertoire plan?
Development study of repertoire in the field of the Arpeggione
① Relationship between Schubertiade and Arpeggione.
In 1824, Schubert composed the Arpeggione sonata D821, premiered by Schuster in 1825 and after 1826, Fogre performed 30 Schubert songs, a music salon (Schubertiade) was held In the interim, as a result of Schuster's playing the same sonata, the Arpeggione must have created the genre of a new song.
The composite instruments of guitar and cello, a topical new stringed instrument which can manipulate both solo and accompaniment, Arpeggione seems to have a fresh inventive feeling suitable for the concert.
② What is the current repertoire suitable for arpeggione?
As mentioned earlier, only works of Schubert's sonata remain in the history of Arpeggion's composition. The Arpeggione is a historical musical instrument of the 19th century, and various original repertoire can be played at that time's original instrument, as follows;.
As a clue, we will first explore the work of musicians related to music salons and Schubertiades.
Next, there is "Arpeggione Concerto" Cello Concerto in a minor, based on Schubert's Arpeggione Sonata, D.821 "of Gaspar Cassadó i Moreu 1897-1966, related to the same Sonata.12)
Cassado is arranging the same Sonata for a solo cello and a concerto for a string orchestra and it seems that it has put a deep tribute to Schubert's sonata. It is added a cadenza which is not in the original song and the decorative sound is increased It has added value such as being.
With the exception of the Schubert composition, the original song by Sonata and the concerto by Cassado, the work for Arpeggione can be classified as an arrangement of chamber music and original contemporary music.
Considering the ideal position to play the arpeggione while referring to the 2 analysis axes were set up, that is,
To confirm by <Time axis> as the horizontal axis and <Development axis of musical expression as the vertical axis> by drawing with a positioning map.
<Time axis> puts the element of analysis into the same sonata as the origin, the left end is the "Song before the 18th century", the right end is "The 21st century · the contemporary songs".
The vertical axis is a <Development style of musical expression>, the upper part is "Chamber music", of which the elements of the chamber music include solo, duo, small ensemble, the lower part is "Symphony" As an element of analysis.
The term "Development" as used herein refers to the concept of traditional Japanese tradition, that is, the phrases " Protecting ", " Breaking " and " Separation " that inherit Japanese traditional strings consider the position of arpeggione. It might be a hint, for example, it shows the stage in practice with kendo, tea ceremony etc.
"Protecting " is the stage of faithfully protecting teachers and school teachings, types and techniques, surely wearing them.
"Breaking" is the stage of considering other teachers and school teachings, incorporating good things and developing heart mind.
"Separation" is a step of separating from one school, creating and establishing a unique new thing and so on.
What happens if these stages are applied to expanding the musical expression of arpeggione (a clue to a repertory candidate)?
First, Moriguchi respect the wishes of deceased composer Schubert and Arpeggione Musical Instrument Studio, Johann Georg Staufer, and make a work of Schubertiad's music fellows as a clue for arpeggione's musical expression.
Next, "Breaking" pays attention to the fact that Cassado arranges the same sonata as a symphonic music through the times. Arrangement has only developed orchestration of songs, but has evolved a step further from chamber music, and these original songs Arrangements based on them should also be one means of expression.
And "Separation" develops to contemporary songs leaving the same sonata and arrangement.
From the perspectives of the era, we roughly caught the flow of " Protecting ", "Breaking" and " Separation ", but specifically, the following selections to be developed are desired.
The selection criteria to be developed and the degree of importance have three criteria.
1) Pieces of Schubert, selections from song collections,
2) Selection from Schubertiade's salon fellows,
3) Song selection by contemporary songs, and so on.
Each will be described below.
1) Pieces of Schubert, selections from song collections
First of all, the title of the Sonata was a sonata for the arpeggione and the piano, but at that time it was referring to the Forte piano. When playing a candidate for selection, it is possible to create a musical expression reminiscent of the age I think that it is most desirable to use the original musical instrument of the 19th century.
Next, arrange that we can play small pieces of Schubert with Arpeggione, for example "Heisei no Rose" (Heidenröslein.Op. 3, No. 3, D. 257-2. 1799), "Serenade" (Ständchen Schwanengesang Nº 1 Op. 72-4, D. 957-4, 1828).
"Serenade" listed in famous songs is a song that learns even if it was composed by a guitar because of the characteristics of a distributed chord (arpeggio), but it also fits very well with the solo of Arpeggione or the duo of guitar and arpeggione. It's a song.
As a further addition, serenade is also well known for the performance of tenor: Peter Schreier (Peter Schreier) and piano: Rudolf Buchbinder (Rudolf Buchbinder), and the song and the duo with the arpeggione are also good It may be a combination.
There are arrangements such as "Bodhi tree" (Der Lindenbaum, Winterreise Op. 89, D 911, 1827), "Ave Maria" (Ave Maria, D.839, 1825).
Speaking of the songs at the top of Schubert, "Daughter of a beautiful water mill 1 - Wandering" (Die schöne Müllerin D 795 - 1, Das Wandern, 1825), "Abendrot in the evenings" (Im Abendrot) Songs I, II (D 877 - 2, 3) "(Lied der Mignon, D 877 - 2, -3).
There are also many opportunities to be played with guitar accompaniment, and from the fact that it is a melodic song, it will be a selection that matches the emotion of Arpeggione.
For reference, the "A daughter of a beautiful water mill hut" was already arranged in guitar version in Schubert's era.In contemporary the concert · Lagosnik (Konrad Ragossnig, 1932-) was arranged and arranged for performances with Shreyer 13) Arrangement of Lagosnic has abundant expressions such as guitar supporting the expression of songs firmly and also dialogue with songs, which is also likely to be worth playing in Arpeggione.
As "A daughter of a beautiful water mill hut" is also known as a modern tenor, a famous performance by Peter Shreyer, the song and the arpeggione may match.
Litanei D 343 (Rendezvous) Franz Peter Schubert will be one of the selections that accompanies the moist and accompaniment of the guitar and the song.
Schubert's songs were arranged and published for guitar accompaniment during the lifetime of the author.
Among them, there are arrangements that Diavelli (Anton Diabelli, 1781-1858) himself published, for example, four songs from Schubert's first song collection (Op.1-7), and the guitar accompaniment song In 1828, about 26 songs were published for both piano accompaniment and guitar accompaniments. Johan Kaspar Mertz (Johnn Kaspar Mertz, 1806-1856) etc.
Also a guitarist and a composer There are some such as those made by Virtuoso This trend is a proof that the instrument called guitar was a very common household instrument in Vienna in the first half of the 19th century.
2) The selection from Schubertiade's salon fellow
Lists suitable for the selection of Arpeggione as the work of composers related to Schubertiade in the latter half of the nineteenth century are listed below.
The selection criteria is a comprehensive evaluation of elements such as the whole image of arpeggione, tone, is there.
The Schubert Memorial Hall has kept the guitar which Schubert's love played.The guitar of the remains is Johann Georg Staufer’s work. It is a style guitar that was prevalent in Vienna in about 1824. Indeed, the arpeggione is a guitar E, A, D, G, B, e), the duo with the guitar can be said that the compatibility is naturally good.
Well, for CDs such as Lessing, Darmstadt, etc., works such as Spoiser, Schuster, Diabelli, Romberg, Burgmuhler etc are commonly found in Arpeggione and the famous performances of guitar duo. The concrete candidate songs are Or less.
Arpeggione played by Lessing has duo with the 19th century Staufer made guitar model. Supoa "Tempo di Polacca A major from Faust arr. V. Schuster 1825" Star, "Pieces for guitar and cello" (V. Schuster - Drei Stuecke Fuer Gitarren Violonce), Diabelli, "Andante Con Moto A Major Arpeggione", A. Brughmürler, "Arpeggione and the guitar Nocturn Pieces "(F. Burgmueller - Drei Nocturnes Arpeggione & Guit), and so on.
Darmstadt picks up the following songs and has been selected as a compatible song with Arpeggione and guitar: Spoil - Tempo di Polacca A major from Faust arr. V. Schuster 1825 ), Romberg, "Adagio" (Adagio E major arr. V. Schuster 1825), Ukrainian folk song (Ukrainian - German - Moderatoro minor (Schone Minka) arr. V. Schuster 1825) Arrangement), and Burgmueller, "Nocturn" (F. Burgmuller - Nocturne a minor) and so on.
3) Music selection by contemporary song
Recently, composers offering songs that inflate the sounds and images of arpeggione have appeared. Orbrant (Kris Oelbrandt, 1972-) composed "Monologue for Arpeggione" .14) Solo performance by Arpeggione To the Arpeggione player, Deltayu, and played the world premiere by the 2012 Japanese performance.
On the other hand, Rosenshein (Dov Rosenshein, 1981-) composed a sonata "Romance · 3 copies work" for Arpeggione, Flute, Piano Trio in 2013. 15)
It was commissioned by Tokyo Brussels trio and became the world premiere. This sonata draws out the tone of Arpeggione well and brings out the expression which succeeds Schubert's idyllic image of the same sonata.
Deltayle is a masterpiece of Arpeggione who premiere more than 50 songs of contemporary songs, but during the performance of Japan I use my work (Anton Mitteis Model) every time.
Finally, how to disseminate Arpeggione instruments in Japan To solve this problem, it is a shortcut to pick up Japanese songs and nursery rhymes, for example, Rentaro Taki called "Schubert in Japan", "Archeon Moon" and Piano Sonata No. 14 "Moonlight Sonata" (Arrangement version of Beethoven's composition), or Narita Yoshizo "Beach songs" are well known all over the world, these songs are melancholy Depending on the melody played by the arpeggione with the sound, it must be sacrificed to capture a neat pitch.
Conclusion
It has been attracting attention from a variety of string instrument players restored arpeggione which was said to be illusion. But, unfortunately there are only songs to be performed, Schubert composition, the same sonata, which makes the presence of musical instruments dilute As I restored Arpeggione, I thought that the expansion of the performance repertoire, if there is direction to uncover the songs that could be played with this instrument, is the idea that there is also popularization and the origin of this idea became.
We have already touched the musical instruments by all the participants in the music salon association in various places in Japan after 2013. With the interest and understanding of Arpeggione as a cue, by the time this excavation of the music which can be played this time In the future I would like to expect Arpeggione to play a role as a repertoire of chamber music.
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Schubert Pieces, Song Collection
Schubertiade
Modern songs
Classification in order of
Profile:
Osamu Okumura
Representative of the Arpeggione Society
Dentsu PR Center Co., Ltd. During his period of work, he has been interested in Schubert's composer "Arpeggione Sonata D 821" and has continued his studies of collecting and analyzing sound sources and arpeggione related materials of the world musical instrument museum, reprint of musical instruments, arrangement and arrangement.
Graduate School of Industrial Technology, Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology.
Homepage: http: // arpeggione.web.fc2.com/
Blog: http://arpeggione.blog48.fc2.com/
The Japan Society for Music Expression
"Field 2 of Music Expression"
"Arpeggione Rediscovery"
(Birth, decline, restoration of instruments)
Tokyo Publishing company
September 2016